How Can I Find the Path to the File in the Sharepoint Search Result?

Ans : In the browser, you can't. Yes, thank you M$ :)

What you can do (not with Chrome, sorry :) (Thank you M$) is open Sharepoint in Internet Explorer and then, open the folder you're in in File Explorer ("Open with Explorer" or "View in File Explorer")

And, voila!

Now, in File Explorer (aka Windows Explorer), when you search, and get results, you also get the path - just hover on one of the results with your mouse pointer and you're done :)

So easy right? :)