On the Origins of Electromagnetic Radiation in Nature

Radio

ACCELERATED CHARGES — oscillating / spiraling electrons planetary magnetospheres, pulsars, supernova remnants, interstellar plasma

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION — electrons in magnetic fields astrophysical jets, galaxy clusters

Microwave

MOLECULAR ROTATIONS — bond rotations molecules in atmosphere, interstellar medium

COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND — relic radiation cooling early universe

Infra-red

MOLECULAR VIBRATIONS — bond stretching molecules in atmosphere, interstellar medium

THERMAL RADIATION — blackbody emission warm dust, planets, earth surface, sun

Visible

THERMAL RADIATION — blackbody emission sun, hot stars, hot objects

ELECTRON ORBITAL TRANSITIONS — spectral lines atoms in stars, nebulae

Ultraviolet

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION — electrons in magnetic fields astrophysical jets, pulsars

BREMSSTRAHLUNG — fast electrons deflected by nuclei solar corona, interstellar plasma

ELECTRON ORBITAL TRANSITIONS — high-energy lines hot stars, nebulae

CHERENKOV RADIATION — light from superluminal-in-medium particles earth’s atmosphere during cosmic-ray showers, water/ice

X-ray

BREMSSTRAHLUNG — electrons slowed by nuclei solar corona, supernova remnants, galaxy clusters

SYNCHROTRON RADIATION — high-energy electrons spiraling pulsars, black-hole jets

ELECTRON ORBITAL TRANSITIONS — inner-shell lines (e.g., k-α) hot plasmas, accretion disks

Gamma ray

NUCLEAR TRANSITIONS — nucleons changing energy states radioactive decay, supernovae

PARTICLE ANNIHILATION — e⁻ + e⁺ → photons near black holes, cosmic rays in interstellar space

HAWKING RADIATION — quantum emission black holes (theoretical)

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Imagine a periodic table that also has some data-science built in! Press a button to sort (think Excel data bars!) so you can easily see which element commands the biggest price per gram on the commodity market, which has the most isotopes, which have dominant isotopes with the longest half life, sort by ratio of protons to neutrons, you name it! Coming soon :)

Click below to launch the periodic table (After launching, try clicking on the "legend pills" at the bottom! And, did you know which element has the most isotopes? Find out! BTW, double-click on any element tile for more info and then dismiss with ESC/X/click-out). Improving all the time! Yes, chatGPT makes mistakes and there is bad info, but we'll keep cleaning it up!